What is the first step of the ladder of inference?

The first step of the ladder of inference is witnessable data. This foundational element consists of the observable facts and experiences that we encounter in our environment. It serves as the raw data that influences our understanding and interpretation of situations.

At this stage, individuals collect information without adding any judgments or interpretations. The focus is on factual observations that can be seen, heard, or otherwise verified. This clear delineation of data is essential because it establishes a common starting point for analysis and interpretation. Without this concrete, witnessable data, any interpretations or conclusions would lack a solid basis, leading to misunderstandings or erroneous beliefs.

In contrast, the subsequent steps in the ladder involve selecting data, interpreting it, forming beliefs, and ultimately taking actions based on those beliefs. Each step builds upon the previous one, but it all begins with the initial encounter of observable data, which serves as a critical foundation for the entire inference process.